Gallery
1. DeepCAD-RT enhances the in vivo recording of calcium transients in dendritic spines
Imaging calcium transients in dendritic spines of a mouse expressing genetically encoded GCaMP6f calcium indicator. One example frame is shown for the raw low-SNR recording (top), DeepCAD-RT denoised recording (middle), and synchronized high-SNR recording with 10-fold SNR (bottom). Magnified views of the yellow boxed region showing calcium dynamics of two spatially adjacent dendritic branches. Scale bar, 20 μm for the whole field-of-view (FOV) and 5 μm for magnified views.
2. DeepCAD-RT massively improves the imaging SNR of neuronal population recordings in the zebrafish brain
Time-lapse imaging of the calcium dynamics of telencephalic neurons in the zebrafish brain (GCaMP6s). Top, the original low-SNR data. Middle, DeepCAD-RT enhanced data. Bottom, high-SNR recording with 10-fold SNR. Magnified views show the neural activity of the yellow boxed region in a short period. Scale bar, 20 μm for the entire FOV and 5 μm for magnified views.
3. DeepCAD-RT enhances the neuronal population imaging of Drosophila mushroom body
Denoising performance of DeepCAD on calcium imaging of Drosophila mushroom body (GCaMP7f). The same frame is shown for the original low-SNR data (left), DeepCAD-RT denoised image (middle), and high-SNR image with 10-fold SNR (right). Magnified views show snapshots of the yellow boxed region at three moments. Scale bar, 10 μm for the whole FOV and 5 μm for magnified views.
4. DeepCAD-RT reveals the 3D migration of neutrophils in vivo after acute brain injury
3D imaging of neutrophil migration in a 150×150×30 μm3 volume (15 planes) after acute brain injury. The raw noisy volume (left) and corresponding denoised volume (right) are visualized in the same perspective. Acute brain injury was induced with craniotomy. Neutrophils were labeled with a fluorescent-conjugated Ly-6G antibody (the green channel). Blood vessels were stained with A wheat germ agglutinin (WGA, the magenta channel) dye. Since blood vessels are stationary, the magenta channel was averaged by multiple frames to improve its SNR. Scale bar, 50 μm.
5. DeepCAD-RT reveals the ATP (Adenosine 5’-triphosphate) dynamics of astrocytes in 3D after laser-induced brain injury
3D visualization of ATP-release events in a 350×350×60 μm3 volume (30 planes, 1 Hz volume rate) after laser-induced brain injury. Left, the raw volume without denoising. Right, the same volume enhanced with DeepCAD-RT. A representative time point is demonstrated here and similar performance was achieved throughout the whole imaging session (1 hour, 3600 volumes). Four ATP-release events are indicated with arrowheads of different colors. The laser-damaged point (red dashed circle) was located at the center of the volume. Scale bar, 50 μm.